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Children with migraine headaches may do worse in school than other students, a new study suggests.
Kids in the study who suffered episodic migraines (i.e., migraines occurring fewer than 14 days each month) were 1.3 times more likely perform below average in school, compared to kids who didn't have any type of headache. And kids with chronic migraines (i.e., migraines occurring 15 or more days each month) were 1.6 times more likely to perform below average in school,botas north face, compared to kids without headaches.
"For years, we've had few studies that have linked the symptoms of migraines to the burden on children and families," said Dr. Lenora Lehwald, a neurologist at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. Studies such as this one may help get "buy-in" from schools in helping kids who suffer migraines get prompt treatment, she said.
"Children with migraines need immediate treatment, or their meds won't work as well," said Lehwald, who was not involved in the study,chaquetas the north face baratas. "Having the school understand the significance of the headache helps move the treatment more quickly along," she said.
Kids with migraines often have to deal not only with their physical pain, but also the frustration of adults not understanding the condition, Lehwald said,nuptse jacket the north face. "This is not a malingering child, this is a pathology that needs treatment."
Migraines and school
In the study, researchers looked at 5,700 children in Brazil, between ages 5 and 12, collecting data by interviewing teachers and parents. The study was conducted by researchers at Merck & Co., a pharmaceutical company, and is published today (Oct. 29) in the journal Neurology.
Of the 1,108 children in the study who had no headaches, 257 (23 percent) were rated by their teachers as performing below average in school. By contrast, of the 486 children with episodic migraines, 158 (33 percent) were rated as performing below average, and 13 of the 35 (37 percent) of children with chronic migraines were rated as such.
In addition, the study showed that kids with migraines were also more likely to have missed at least one day of school in the last six months, and more likely to have left school before the end of the school day, as compared with children who get tension headaches rather than migraines,the north face madrid outlet.
In her experience treating children who suffer migraines, Lehwald said, she has met some patients who feel the school doesn’t understand how physically debilitating their symptoms can be. "The school may think the kid is making up the symptoms. Kids feel very discouraged, and like nobody understands."
Such feelings may further affect children's moods and self-esteem, and make them even less likely to report their symptoms, she said.
What parents can do
Parents can also help their help children who have migraines do better in school by keeping them on regular schedules,tiendas north face barcelona, Lehwald said. For children with migraines, "having a very even-keel lifestyle puts them less at risk of having a migraine. Staying hydrated, not skipping meals, adhering to a good sleep schedule," can all help, she said. "They need a predictable 24-hour schedule."
Parents can also model for their children the type of attention they need to give to their migraines as soon as one starts. A migraine “can be a really debilitating experience if not treated as an emergency. Parents can help a child learn that, too."
Pass it on: Kids with migraine headaches may face difficulties in school, a new study finds.
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ARCATA, Calif. (AP) Happily isolated on California's remote Humboldt County coast, Arcata has long made room in its heart for marijuana, whether grown illegally in the back woods by refugees of the Summer of Love, or legally in the back rooms of homes by medical pot patients.
But the mellow days are coming to an end. Even Arcata residents who support legalization of marijuana have become fed up with high-volume indoor growing operations that take over much-needed housing and take advantage of the state's loosely written medical marijuana law.
The neighbors of these clandestine pot farms operated behind curtains, shutters and alarm systems complain of the skunk-like stink of cannabis, fire hazards, rising rents, vicious guard dogs, caches of guns, illegal pesticides, roadside dumping of unwanted growing gear, and late-night visits from shady characters.
Rather than throw more cops at the problem, the City Council is fighting back in a way befitting this liberal outpost that would rather be known for its pioneering community forest and sewage treatment marsh than marijuana.
Measure I on next week's ballot would impose a 45 percent electricity tax on households with medical and other exceptions that use three times the amount of power a typical family home does. The measure takes aim at commercial growers who maximize production by packing homes full of high intensity lights and irrigation systems that gobble electricity and sometimes cause fires from overloaded circuits.
"Our hope is to drive the large-scale growing operations out of town,cazadoras the north face," said Shane Brinton, a city councilman and vice mayor who has pushed the novel idea.
"I don't view it as anti-marijuana," said Brinton. "It's a land-use issue, a public safety issue, and environmental issue as well."
If it passes, it would be the first measure of its kind in the nation aimed at marijuana growers, said Allen St. Pierre, executive director of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.
The amount of electricity that would subject a resident to the tax amounts to a $700 per month bill, and is equivalent to the power used by a big chain drug store. Pacific Gas & Electric Co. reports that 633 homes one in 15 are using that much juice, indicating they are raising pot rather than families.
If that many growers decide to absorb the tax instead of getting out of town, the tax would generate $1.2 million, or nearly 4 percent of the city's $31.7 million budget.
Located on the rainy coast 280 miles north of San Francisco, Arcata is a city of 17,000 that dates to the days when mule trains carried goods from the shipping port to the Gold Rush Country. The lumber and fishing industry here have fallen on hard times, but Humboldt State University is a foundation of the local economy, with contributions from niche manufacturers of gourmet cookies, kayaking gear and goat cheese.
Since the back-to-the-land movement of the 1970s, marijuana has been creeping into the culture and economy, and now permeates it, said Tony Silvaggio, a Humboldt State sociologist and a founder of the Humboldt Institute of Interdisciplinary Marijuana Research.
"This is the center of marijuana culture in the universe,tienda the north face madrid," he said. "One of the reasons is we have a very tolerant attitude toward marijuana. Word gets around, and people come here with the sole purpose to grow marijuana indoors..."
Unlike some other states' medical marijuana laws, California's Compassionate Use Act of 1996 sets no limits on plants or processed marijuana, does not prohibit the sale of excess medical marijuana to other patients or dispensaries, does not require patients or growers to register, and does not lay out which diseases or conditions can be treated with marijuana. When growers get busted, they often claim they are growing for patients.
Based on interviews with hundreds of growers, Silvaggio said even medical marijuana growers usually sell their extra, so the two markets cannot be separated. "Part of the problem with the marijuana economy is it is unregulatable," he said.
Several years ago, people here began realizing that whole blocks of houses had been taken over by illegal growers, said Kevin Hoover, editor of the irreverent weekly newspaper The Arcata Eye.
"We came to realize we weren't really dealing with hippies and the Zig Zag man. It was this industry,resolve the north face," said Hoover. "More than the dangers, it was this loss of neighborhood community. You can't have your neighbor take in the paper when you're on vacation. You can't borrow a cup of sugar."
To get their neighborhoods back, more and more people are informing on their neighbors, said Police Chief Tom Chapman.
Police are making progress, but still hardly making a dent.
In 2010 Arcata police served search warrants on six houses and in 2011 that rose to 14. So far this year, police investigated 48 houses, and got warrants to search 17. But only nine produced enough evidence for criminal prosecution. Police had to buy two huge shipping containers to haul off growing equipment.
Driving an unmarked SUV with his guitar in the back seat he plays in a classic rock band Chapman points out house after house. One bust produced 750 plants and 13 pounds of processed marijuana. Another was a half block from a grassy playground where kids and dogs romped.
"This is Small Town USA," he said. "The people who live here are a bunch of working folks, salt of the earth, people just trying to get by."
A typical grower, the chief said, is a 20- or 30-something from outside the area, who has moved into a house with an absentee landlord. They pay their rent on time with cash that stinks of marijuana.
"Most of the landlords claim ignorance,the north face mujer," he said.
Marnin Robbins has seen a half-dozen houses in his neighborhood raided by police.
"I don't have a problem with marijuana," he said. "But I do have a problem with people turning their houses into factories and bringing a violent element into our neighborhood."
Measure I has no organized opposition. But Mark Sailors, who drives a pedal cab downtown and grows medical marijuana for himself, his wife and his mother, has long felt city attempts to control medicinal cannabis are hypocritical.
"This is just another in a long line of what I call Arcata's medical marijuana Jim Crow laws," Sailors said. "They pay a lot of lip service to being pro-Compassionate Use Act. But all their actions are trying to limit people and discourage the use" of medical marijuana.
___
Jeff Barnard can be reached at https://twitter.com/JeffBarnardAP.
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Reading the political news, you'd think this election is the nastiest, most contentious and most important our nation has ever faced. No doubt the outcome matters, but in the annals of American elections, this one barely registers for sheer strangeness.
In fact, electoral politics have always been a down-and-dirty business, starting at least as early as 1800, when our founding fathers proved themselves adept at bitter battles. Other elections have featured nasty accusations, bizarre happenstance and even the death of one of the candidates.
Read on for five of the strangest presidential elections in U.S. history.
1. The very first one, 1788-1789
The first presidential election in our nation's history was one-of-a-kind in that it was literally no contest. Organized political parties had yet to form, and George Washington ran unopposed. His victory is the only one in the nation's history to feature 100 percent of the Electoral College vote. [Quiz: Weirdest Presidential Elections]
The real question in 1788 was who would become vice president. At the time, this office was awarded to the runner-up in the electoral vote (each elector cast two votes to ensure there would be a runner-up.) Eleven candidates made a play for the vice-presidency, but John Adams came out on top.
2. It's a tie, 1800
Electoral politics got serious in 1800,louis vuitton damier graphite belt. Forget the hand-holding peace of George Washington's first run political parties were in full swing by this time, and they battled over high-stakes issues (taxes, states' rights and foreign policy alignments). Thomas Jefferson ran as the Democratic-Republican candidate and John Adams as the Federalist.
At the time, states got to pick their own election days, so voting ran from April to October (and you thought waiting for the West Coast polls to close was frustrating). Because of the complicated "pick two" voting structure in the Electoral College, the election ended up a tie between Jefferson and his vice-presidential pick, Aaron Burr. One South Carolina delegate was supposed to give one of his votes on another candidate, so as to arrange for Jefferson to win and Burr to come in second. The plan somehow went wrong, and both men ended up with 73 electoral votes.
That sent the tie-breaking vote to the House of Representatives, not all of whom were on board with a Jefferson presidency and Burr vice-presidency. Seven tense days of voting followed, but Jefferson finally pulled ahead of Burr. The drama triggered the passage of the 12th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which stipulates that the Electoral College pick the president and vice-president separately, doing away with the runner-up complications.
3. Things get nasty, 1828
Anything involving dueling war veteran Andrew Jackson was liable to get dirty, but the 1828 electoral battle between Jackson and John Quincy Adams took the cake for mud slinging. Jackson had lost out to Adams in 1824 after Speaker of the House Henry Clay cast a tie-breaking vote. When Adams chose Clay as his Secretary of State, Jackson was furious and accused the two of a "corrupt bargain."
And that was before the 1828 election even got started, when Adams was accused of pimping out an American girl to a Russian Czar. Jackson's wife, Rachel, was called a "convicted adulteress," because she had,sacoche longchamp, years earlier, married Jackson before finalizing her divorce to her previous husband. Rachel died after Jackson won the election, but before his inauguration; at her funeral, Jackson blamed his opponents' bigamy accusations. "May God Almighty forgiver her murderers, as I know she forgave them," Jackson said. "I never can." [6 Most Tragic Love Stories in History]
To round out a rough election, Jackson's inauguration party (open to the public) turned into a mob scene, with thousands of well-wishers crowding into the White House.
"Ladies fainted, men were seen with bloody noses, and such a scene of confusion took place as is impossible to describe," wrote Margaret Smith, a Washington socialite who attended the party.
4. Running against a corpse, 1872
In 1872, incumbent Ulysses S. Grant had an easy run for a second term because his opponent died before the final votes were cast.
Grant had the election in the bag even before his opponent, Horace Greeley,d&g belt, died, however. The incumbent won 286 electoral votes compared with Greeley's 66 after election day. But on Nov. 29, 1872, before the Electoral College votes were in, Greeley died and his electoral votes were split among other candidates. Greeley remains the only presidential candidate to die before the election was finalized.
5,nike blazers low. The hanging chads, 2000
Democrat Al Gore beat Republican George W. Bush in the popular vote in the 2000 election, but the electoral vote was a close, and controversial, call. As election night drew to a close, New Mexico, Oregon and Florida remained too close to call.
It would be Florida that determined the winner, but not until the Supreme Court weighed in. For a month, the outcome of the election remained in recount limbo, as Gore's campaign contested the vote count in several close counties and the Florida and U.S. Supreme Courts engaged in a tug-of-war over whether to halt the recounts or extend their deadlines. Among the challenges faced by the hand counts: determining whether semi-attached scraps of paper, or "hanging chads," on punch-card ballots should count as votes.
Ultimately, on Dec. 12, the Supreme Court ruled 7-2 that a statewide recount was unconstitutional, alongside a further decision that the smaller recounts could not go forward. The decision meant the original vote counts stood, giving the election to Bush.
Follow Stephanie Pappas on Twitter @sipappasor LiveScience @livescience. We're also on Facebook& Google+.
- 10 Historically Significant Political Protests
- 6 Politicians Who Got the Science Wrong
- Fight, Fight, Fight: The History of Human Aggression
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Hundreds of voter fraud billboards in and around three large swing-state cities have indirect ties to Bain Capital, the investment company founded by Mitt Romney. NPR reports 85 billboards near Milwaukee and 60 among Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, announce "Voter Fraud is a Felony!" Some voting rights advocates and Democrats show concern these billboards may discourage people to vote.
How are these billboards tied to Bain Capital?
The NPR story notes Romney hasn't worked for Bain Capital for years. Every billboard space is owned by Clear Channel Outdoor, which is largely owned by Bain Capital. The person and/or group that paid for the advertising space with less than three weeks until the election remains anonymous.
Why are these signs a concern to voter advocacy groups?
Although the signs are factually accurate, concerned groups worry the location of the ads may affect minority voters. Many of the billboards can be found near Hispanic and African-American neighborhoods. Common Cause,gucci belt sale, a citizen advocacy group, plans to buy $30,000 in counter signs encouraging residents in these cities to vote. ABC News and Univision report 20 billboards will appear in neighborhoods in Cleveland where the voter fraud signs already exist.
What can be done about the voter fraud billboards?
Reuters reveals the billboards will remain visible through election day on Nov. 6. Online petitions signed by tens of thousands of people encourage Clear Channel to take down the signs. However, local Democrats fear the signs will force some people to think twice about voting. City Councilwoman Phyllis Cleveland, whose district in Cleveland has most of the city's anti-fraud billboards,Nike Heels, called the ads "insidious",mens gucci belt; and will "intimidate" voters,nike lunar hyperdunk, according to Reuters article.
How often does fraud pose a serious threat to American voting rights?
The Chronicle-Telegram of northern Ohio cites statistics from two government sources that detail the ratio between number of ballots cast and instances of voter fraud convictions regarding federal elections. The report states 649 million ballots were cast in general elections from 2000 to 2010 using Census Bureau numbers. Seventy people were convicted of federal voting crimes from 2002 to 2005. Five of those were for voter registration issues. The report cited Justice Department figures regarding the convictions.
What has Clear Channel said about the controversy?
The media conglomerate was criticized for funding similar anonymous billboards in Milwaukee in 2010 during mid-term elections, according to the NPR piece. A spokesperson for Clear Channel told the national radio outlet anonymous advertisers are "against company policy" and that a "mistake was made" when the contract was signed for these billboards.
William Browning is a research librarian specializing in U.S. politics.